Acne is a common skin condition that leads to the formation of pimples, commonly known as “zits.” It can manifest as whiteheads, blackheads, or red, inflamed patches on the skin, sometimes developing into painful cysts.
Acne occurs when tiny openings in the skin, known as pores, become clogged. Each pore is connected to a follicle, which houses a hair and an oil gland. These glands produce oil to help shed dead skin cells and keep the skin hydrated. However, when excess oil and dead skin cells accumulate, they can block the pore, forming a plug—also called a comedone.
- If the plug remains beneath the skin and appears white, it is referred to as a whitehead.
- If the plug is exposed to air and darkens, it becomes a blackhead.
- When bacteria get trapped inside a clogged pore, the immune system reacts, leading to inflammation and pimples.
- In more severe cases, acne can develop deep beneath the skin, resulting in hard, painful cysts—a condition known as nodulocystic acne.
Everyone has pores, but some people are more prone to blockages than others. While acne is most commonly associated with teenagers due to hormonal changes, it can affect individuals of all ages, including infants. Genetics also play a role, as the condition often runs in families.
